In order to explain later parts of the presentation, I need to break down the title and use that as the basis for the order I will talk about things.

What does philosophy have to do with this? It's important to bring this up because it is the basis to understand why the tools I'll talk about are important.

• Verification... How claim was made is more important than the claim itself. Anyone can make a claim, but a philosophy of science is that any claim needs be to proven.

• Reproducible: Verify that exact process leading to findings can be produced again and should be first step. (reproduce: literally to produce again)

• Replication: Verify that process can replicate (of findings, without which finding probably doesn't reflect reality) (replicate: to make a replica, make a copy of)

I'll get into research on reproducibility later.

Description: This includes how exactly analysis was done, ie. based on analysis code

Record: (for fraud identification, logs, trace-ability of what was done)

Inspectable: (linked to accessibility, but also common language, simple to read, logical, well-reasoned)

OSC project: Open Science Collaboration Project

Except maybe bioinformatics, where about 60% of studies do.

There are lots of reasons for this, likely due to:

• Lack of awareness and training
• Difficulty of adoption
• No incentive or reward
• Little to no culture to do it

There are several efforts at addressing the replicability problem, but currently there isn't much focus on the reproducibility problem.

As I mentioned earlier, reproducibility is about taking the same data and the same analysis plan with the code and having someone else reproduce the exact same findings as the original authors.

There are various degrees of this and we in health research have challenges with the data side of the issue, but sharing the

Not same as keeping backups like when e.g. using Dropbox

An extremely common and very manual form of version control that many of you may recognize is by naming your files differently depending on the date of edits or version that was sent around to e.g. co-authors.

However, this is a highly informal system and very prone to error and mistakes.

• Transparency of work done to demonstrate or substantiate your scientific claim.
• Claim to first discovery, since you have a time-stamped history of your work.

Self contained in that all files related to a scientific claim are kept together and discoverable together.

Accessible: many ways to find and share research project

There are numerous other tools that improve or contribute to reproducibility that work through version control software like Git. Without it, these other tools don't work or are quite difficult.

• Collaboration because of single location and single file/folders to work on.
• Organized files and folders, since there is one single project folder and one single version of each file, rather than multiple versions of the same file.
• Less time finding things, because everything is organized and in one place.